Aislación en los techos: Cómo prevenir el calor en verano y las goteras en invierno

Mientras que en verano la temperatura de techos superaría los 70°C, en invierno una mala protección aumenta el riesgo de goteras e incrementa la fuga de calor.
Debido a las cuarentenas y las medidas de aislación, la vida al interior de las viviendas se ha intensificado, dejando de manifiesto lo importante que es mantener el hogar fresco en verano y protegido de la lluvia y el frio en invierno.
 
Esta se ha vuelto una prioridad, no solo porque mantiene la confortabilidad de las viviendas sino que a la vez reduce el consumo de energía destinado a la climatización de las mismas.  
Ahora que la época de lluvias comienza a menguar, los días secos son más propicios para realizar arreglos en el techo, y siempre es bueno contar con datos y recomendaciones que ayuden a orientar este proceso de forma óptima. 
 
Al respecto María Constanza Acuña, jefa de soluciones constructivas de Volcán, afirma que “es necesario entender que la envolvente térmica está compuesta por todos los elementos que cierran los espacios habitables. Techos, muros, pisos y ventanas son los principales elementos que debemos considerar para el equilibrio térmico entre 18-22 grados, que según la CChC es el rango idóneo de confortabilidad”.
 
Es importante que los elementos que están en contacto con el exterior, como los muros, techumbre, pisos ventilados (voladizos, bow-windows, estacionamiento, entre otros) y las ventanas, consideren materiales que permitan mantener las casas con temperaturas confortables. 
 
“Una adecuada aislación en techos permite un ahorro energético de hasta 23%; una adecuada aislación en pisos permite un ahorro energético de hasta 2%; una adecuada aislación en muros permite un ahorro energético de hasta 21%. Si a ello incorporamos ventanas termopanel podemos alcanzar un ahorro energético en torno al 60%” agrega la experta de Volcán.
 
 
También es recomendable incorporar membranas del tipo Volcanwrap- que funcionan como barrera de humedad y además impiden la infiltración de viento, a la vez que permiten la salida del vapor de agua hacia el exterior de las edificaciones. “Esta protección funciona como segunda piel en muros perimetrales, de modo que la vivienda queda mejor protegida ante la humedad, ayudando a evitar la formación de hongos cuidando la salud de tu familia o de los habitantes de la vivienda”, agrega Acuña.
 
Para hacer frente al calor, los expertos recomiendan construcciones con un entretecho que permita la ventilación, con entrada de aire frío y salida de aire caliente. Otra recomendación es utilizar lana de vidrio -tipo Aislanglass- sobre el cielo falso de volcanita y dejar una barrera de vapor entre ambos materiales.
 
“Hay varios factores que inciden en la temperatura de la techumbre; uno de ellos es la orientación y latitud del edificio respecto de la fuente de radiación. A mayor exposición, mayor es el calor. Además influyen los colores oscuros y los techos planos -o mediterráneos-, dos factores que hacen acumular aún más energía. De este modo en la cubierta puede haber temperaturas sobre los 70°C”, sostiene Ricardo Fernández, gerente técnico y de desarrollo de Volcán, empresa de soluciones constructivas.
 
Al momento de refaccionar el techo, revise si cuenta con aislante térmico en su vivienda y verifique si está bien instalado. Para salir de dudas, la recomendación es levantar todo el material y reemplazar por lana de vidrio -tipo Aislanglass- usando al menos 80 mm en Santiago, idealmente ponga dos capas de 80 mm en forma traslapada.
 
“La aislación térmica nunca debe estar en contacto con el agua. para esto se usan barreras de humedad para envolvente de la vivienda evitando las infiltraciones de aire y agua y por el interior se usan barreras de vapor para evitar condensaciones en el interior de las soluciones constructivas” concluye Fernández.
 
 

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