Especialista advierte impacto sanitario y ambiental por desecho inadecuado de mascarillas y guantes en las calles
Este año, la pandemia por COVID-19 nos obligó a incorporar elementos de protección personal que no eran de uso cotidiano en nuestra vida. Es así como mascarillas, guantes de látex, toallitas desinfectantes, protectores faciales y envases de alcohol gel, entre otros, se han convertido en artículos indispensables para prevenir el contagio del virus, aumentando de manera considerable su producción y consumo, pero a la vez han generado una nueva problemática para el medio ambiente, principalmente debido a la forma en que muchos de estos están siendo desechados.
Susana Mayer, Directora de la Carrera de Ingeniería en Prevención de Riesgos y Medio Ambiente de Universidad de Las Américas Sede Viña del Mar, dice que durante la pandemia y ahora que varias ciudades han comenzado con el desconfinamiento, es muy común encontrar mascarillas y guantes botados en calles, parques, cerros y playas, elementos que no están siendo desechados como debiesen y que están causando un importante impacto a nivel sanitario y medioambiental.
“Hoy, lamentablemente, no estamos siendo responsables con el desecho de las mascarillas y guantes. Si bien se ha insistido en hacer un buen uso de estos implementos con fines preventivos, las personas no cuentan con información precisa y oportuna de cómo y dónde debemos desecharlos, encontrándose, por ejemplo, guantes y mascarillas en las calles, basureros públicos o puntos limpios para reciclaje, pese a que no son productos biodegradables, constituyendo un foco latente de contaminación e infección para distintos ambientes, que puede afectar a cualquier persona, a quienes trabajan en áreas de aseo y reciclaje, como también a la fauna presente en distintos hábitats, como los océanos”, comenta la académica.
Ante esto, recalca que es fundamental que la ciudadanía tenga en cuenta que estos elementos están siendo utilizados para prevenir el contagio de un virus, por lo que son residuos infecciosos y deben desecharse como tal, idealmente de manera similar a como se hace en recintos de salud, diferenciándolos en lo posible de la basura tradicional o tomando medidas sanitarias adicionales si solo se dispone de esta última opción.
“Debido al significativo aumento del uso de estos elementos y teniendo en cuenta que esta emergencia sanitaria no se resolverá a corto plazo, es imprescindible que se adopten medidas especiales para su desecho, sobre todo en lugares de uso común como en plazas, calles céntricas, empresas y organismos públicos, establecimientos educacionales y centros comerciales, entre otros. Es muy necesario habilitar puntos de desechos diferenciados, receptáculos para los artículos reciclables, la basura tradicional y los desechos vinculados a COVID-19, como mascarillas y guantes. Esto es importante para frenar la contaminación ambiental con estos elementos y la posible propagación del virus si alguna persona manipula alguno que esté infectado”, expresa Susana Mayer.
“Estos artículos por ningún motivo deben desecharse tirándolos al suelo o directamente en basurero, sobre todo si es público. En el caso de no disponerse de receptáculos diferenciados, la forma recomendada para desechar mascarillas, guantes o toallas, es metiéndolos en una bolsa hermética, aplicándole algún producto desinfectante antes y luego de cerrarla.
Si una persona anda en la calle y debe cambiar su mascarilla, lo más indicado es traer consigo alguna bolsa para reutilizar, por ejemplo, de las vienen alimentos como arroz, fideos, azúcar; meterla allí, guardarla y al llegar a casa botarla con los otros residuos, pero siempre aplicando antes un desinfectante, como cloro o amonio cuaternario, para así no exponer a quienes retiran la basura domiciliaria o tienen contacto con ella”, sugirió la especialista.
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